Driving vs. Flying

Journal #1- The Numbers

Each day, thousands of people climb into their personal cars, destined to get to their destination as fast as possible. This need to get their faster causes accidents. Its a simple fact, more car crashes occur than airplane crashes. Now granted, there are far more "qualified" drivers than there are pilots, but the facts are there. The numbers don't lie. Your far more likely to get in a car accident than an airplane crash. The links below provide a little information into the numbers. For every 11 min and 47 seconds you spend driving at 55 miles per hour, its equal to one airline flight in terms of danger. That means that statistically, you spend more time at risk in a car than you do on your airline trip across the globe. Your fare more likely to get in an incident turning down Grandma's street heading to Christmas dinner, than taking your long awaited vacation to Australia.  

Your speed is also much slower in a car, yet the risk is higher. The faster you go in a car, the greater the danger of a serious accident. Airliners commonly fly at over 300 kts, while most speed limits are not any higher than 70 mph on the interstate.

Based on data from a study done by Sivak and Flannagan,  published in American Scientist , over "95% of accidents  occur during takeoff and landing, risk of flying depends almost entirely on the number of flights involved in the trip. The length of the trip is not significant; a long flight has pretty much the same risk as a short flight. But with a car, the risk of fatality depends upon how many miles are driven." In short, the longer you drive, the greater your risk in a car. Opposite, the longer you fly, your danger does not increase. The greatest danger is during takeoff and landing. Its pretty hard to hit something flying through the air... The main dangers in the air are bird strikes, or engine failures, both of which are recoverable due to much training received by the pilots prior to even getting their license to be able to fly the airplane your on. 

1.Sivak and Flannagan. "Flying versus Driving." American Scientist. June 2003. 29 Sept. 2011. <http://www.fearofflying.com/about/research.shtml>
The article provided by American Scientist proved helpful by providing information on statistics to include in my blog posting. The statistic that 11 min and 47 seconds of driving is equal to one airplane trip proved my point that it is more dangerous on the ground on your drive to work every day than it is as your flying across the Atlantic Ocean over to Europe. The article also provided insight as to where most airplane crashes occur; on the way to the ground. This allowed me to provide a comparison on objects in the air, versus objects on the ground that pose a threat to safety.

American Scientist seems to be spot on in their observations. I tend to agree with most of the points they provided. Being a pilot, it makes sense to me that the most dangerous part is the takeoff and landing. It is the point where your closest to the ground, and where a small mistake could cost you a change at a good landing or cost you your life. I've personally had times where I came in a little too fast on my landing, made the brakes screech, and could see where you could easily blow a tire if you're not careful. However, that's why pilots receive training on how to handle situations like that. 

2. xlibber and danorth1. AOL Autos. No date. Online image. Flickr. 3 Oct 2011. <http://o.aolcdn.com/os/autos/photos/miscellaneous/20110630_cars-plane_612mz.jpg>

This photograph allowed me to provide a visual representation of what I mean when I talk about how much more of a danger there is on the ground, compared to in the sky. If you look at the picture, the ground side is much more busy. There is a lot more going on than there is of the picture of the airplane. Airplanes commonly have a buffer zone around them, to where nothing else gets in their way. Cars on the other hand, are often close to each other, and only have a few inches of separation from one another.  Based off the image, you can tell how easily you could hit something on the ground compared to in the sky.

When you look into this image, you see the main point that I'm trying to make. It allows for the reader to see what I'm trying to visualize. It lets me, the author, put the reader into my mind and let them see what I already know. This is helpful so that if they have an idea of the main safety problems to start off with in the first post, in later posts if I bring up this points again, they can remember this image. They'll be able to see how cluttered the image is and why there is a greater danger on the ground.  


3. "Cessna Flying," Hampton,VA. Personal Photograph taken by Ricky Matthews. 28 Jan 2010. 
<https://fbcdn-sphotos-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-snc3/21977_1357508257685_1230862446_1055649_437962_n.jpg>

This image is a personal image I took while I was flying over Hampton Roads, Virginia right over the James River near Hampton. Based off this image, you can see there are no objects to watch out for. There is nothing that I could hit, except for maybe a bird, flying along. Hitting something while in mid-air is the last thought on my mind as a pilot when I am flying along. I am more worried about nailing the landing, not up at altitude of a few thousand feet above the surface of the earth cruising at a 100 kts.

Based off the objects in the image, I can later use it to relate to the points of the safety of airplanes and what the cockpit looks like. Most people just jump on the plane, sit down, and then take a nap, never knowing what safety features are installed to ensure they have a safe flight. Millions of dollars of money has been spent on improving an already safe system and those improvements will just continue in the future as new technology is rolled out and air travel continues to be the safest way to travel for many folks around the 

world. 

Journal #2- General Aviation Stats

Tangier Island in the Chesapeake Bay

For many small and mid sized towns around the world, General Aviation is their lifeline. Take the airport to the right for example. It is on a small island, and is the only way out of the island except boat travel. In some other small towns, it's the only way out of the town. If it is the only way out, it has to be safe, right? Absolutely. The numbers provided do not lie.  Comparing directly driving to flying, or airplanes vs. cars in statistics, let's examine the info that is provided by Harry Mantakos on his website:

The Nall Report from 2005 lists general aviation incidents in terms of numbers. These statistics are from the year of 2004, listed in the 2005 report. In 2004, there were 1413 General Aviation fixed-wing incidents, and only 290 of those involved fatalities. These fatalities killed 510 people. The FAA estimates based on data that in 2004, general aviation aircraft were in the air for a total of 25.9 Million flight hours. Those numbers are amazingly low, based on the number of aircraft in the air every day. The skies are relatively crowded. Major airports handle hundreds of airplanes every hour. To have only a small number of incidents with such a high number of aircraft in the air is proof of safety that many have worked for many years to improve and keep at such a high standard.

In comparison, let's look at the number of car incidents and miles traveled in 2004.  The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's 2004 statistics on car travel has listed the number of accidents as 6.1million. Of this 6.1 million, 1.9 million involved injuries, and resulted in 42,636 fatalities. These vehicles traveled a total of 2.9 trillion miles during the year traveled in vehicles, and 10.0 billion motorcycle miles traveled during the year.  

A Typical General Aviation Airport

Just looking at the numbers, you can tell they are far greater on the driving end. 510 fatalities compared to 42,636 is shocking. Anyone can look at the numbers and easily see the facts. More people die each year in cars, than airplanes. Your far more likely to get in an accident while you're driving down the road, on your way to school or to pick up the kids than you are while traveling across the United States or the world  to get to your job on the other side of the country. 

4. Mantakos, Harry. "Is GA Flying Safer Than Driving?" Rambling on Flying. n.d. 3 Oct 2011. <http://www.meretrix.com/~harry/flying/notes/safetyvsdriving.html>

On Mantako's personal website, he lists vital statistics to my blog posting that I included. He is able to provide information from the 2004 Nall Report which listed the number of GA fixed-wing incidents as 1413, which I was then able to compare to the number of car incidents, which was listed as 6.1 million. I was then able to limit this down to the number of fatalities from each type of travel, driving and air travel and compare the two numbers to prove my point that far less people are killed each year in the skies than on the ground.

I personally feel that this data provided proves the point in the best way possible, showing hard, cold numbers to the viewer to let them see not just the words, but a statistical representation of the incidents that occur. Based off this data, I can then provide statistics on the miles traveled, and how many incidents occur in each time period of a hour of flight time, to a hour of driving time or vice versa. It will allow me to prove another point of which you are much more likely to encounter an incident on a random drive and your planned trip. 

5. Likavec, Mike. "Tangier Island." No date. Online image. Atlantic Flyer. 3 Oct 2011. 

The first picture that I provided is of Tangier Island smack dab in the middle of the Chesapeake Bay off the coast of Virginia. From this image, I was able to prove a point that for some places, air travel is the only way of travel, so it has to be safe. You would not let your primary source of travel off the island be a method of which would be so dangerous you would not want to life there in the first place.  Most people do not realize that for some folks around the country, general aviation is their way of life instead of car travel.

The image of Tangier Island is a great representation. The island itself is only 0.2 sq miles in area, far too small for most folks to even drive on. If you want to get off the island, the only way of travel is by boat, or by airplane. The airport sees a lot of use, due to this fact. To my knowledge, there has not been one incident in the recent past at Tangier, even though they have a high ratio of air travel, not only for travel off the island, but for tourism as well. 

6. "Gallatin Field Airport." No date. Online image. BZN Gallatin Field Airport. 3 Oct 2011. 

From this image, I was able to provide a representation of the sheer numbers of airplanes that are commonly at a general aviation airport. Drive to any airport nearby, and your likely to see at least ten to as many as one hundred plus airplanes sitting on the ramp, some running, some getting ready to go, or others getting maintenance so that they can safely fly again. The image also proves a fact that there is a large variety of airplanes at each airport, that can safely travel, just like cars and motorcycles do on the roads of the world.

The image of Gallatin Field Airport provides a great representation of the number of airplanes at a general aviation airport. It also provides a variety of airplanes for the viewer to look at. The photo also displays a common layout at a general aviation airport, being one runway and a ramp area where airplanes are parked for storage, maintenance, or to load and unload passengers. General aviation however is not just for travel, it can also be for recreation. A retired military pilot can take a Cessna 172 Skyhawk up for a joyride, and relive the thrill he felt many years ago maybe in the cockpit of a fighter jet over a war zone 

Journal #3-Looking at Events

Taking a look at some of the events that have happened and how our brain looks at them, we can understand why most people automatically think driving is safer than flying. Let's look at the video hosted byDr. Cheryl Olson: 

Now, looking at some of the major points in this video, let's examine them. First, September 11th. I can personally say that after September 11th, I have been more observant on an airline than I have in the past. Yet September 11th also made aviation safer. Following the events of that year, improvements were made to aircraft to improve the safety of the pilot and make it harder for them to be hijacked. Pilots were given weapons to carry on airplanes, and thousands of aircraft were fitted with new cockpit doors. Based on information provided in a release from the Civil Aviation Regulatory Commission, these cockpit doors are able to "Resist forcible intrusion by unauthorized persons and be capable of withstanding impacts of 300 Joules (221.3 foot-pounds) at the critical locations on the door, as well as a 250 pound (1113 Newtons) constant tensile load on the knob or handle, and Resist penetration by small arms fire and fragmentation devices.(11)" Rules were also changed to prevent the opening of cockpit doors during flight. Think about it, how many times have you see the pilot or co-pilot come out during the flight, or the cockpit door even open? This was done to make the cockpit much safer from any outside influences during flight.

Next, after the events, many people decided to drive instead of fly. This caused a greater number of people to be on the roads, causing a greater number of incidents. Dr. Olson's video reports that over 2100 additional deaths came from the increase in driving, which makes sense due to more cars on the road. Airlines are regulated, there are only so many airlines in the air at one time, unlike cars, where you could have hundreds of cars around you at any given moment, only inches from your vehicle.

Finally, looking at miles traveled versus flights, it is important to note that in cars, according to Olson's video, your danger is the same during all times of the trip. In aviation, the danger is greatest during the first few minutes of takeoff and landing. As a pilot, this makes sense to me, since takeoff and landing is generally the point where we exert the most forces on the engine, possible causing an engine failure to occur. 

You know, looking at all of this, there's one simple solution to me to fix it all. How about a flying car?! :) 

Olson, Cheryl. "Judging Risk- Flying vs Driving" Youtube. Youtube, 5 Feb 2010. Web. 4 Oct. 2011.

                Dr. Olson's video proved to be beneficial to most of my blog posting. I was able to use her statistics on how the brain looks at flying and examine each of the points. I also picked out the fact on miles traveled versus flights and then examined the info provided based off myself being a pilot and knowing that the takeoff and landing can be a dangerous part of the flight, due to increased engine performance during this period of flight. In addition, I took the facts on the September 11th incident, and the elaborated on how safety has improved after the events of that day.

                The Youtube Video, "Judging Risk- Flying vs Driving" by Dr. Olson is one of the best I've seen so far. It provides several points to look at. The September  11th event and how our brain looks at it is one of the best references to safety of flying I've seen so far, since it gave a number that the number of deaths increased by 2100 after the events of that day. I was able to personally connect to that, providing my example of how I've personally been more observant on airplanes now than I have in the past when I flew.

Civil Aviation Regulatory Commission. COCKPIT  DOOR SECURITY. CARC. 1 Nov 2003. Web. 4 Oct. 2011. <http://carc.gov.jo/images/filemanager/052437Cockpit%20Door%20Security.pdf>

This document published by the Civil Aviation Regulatory Commission provided me with information how cockpit doors have been improved since September 11th. I was able to specifically state how the door safety have improved, mentioning items such as resisting forces such as human penetration or firearms that could be shot towards the door. I provided a specific quote from the article on what these forces are and what forces the doors can resist. I was then able to explain safety of doors, and provide a question for the reader to look at, being " how many times have you see the pilot or co-pilot come out during the flight, or the cockpit door even open?"

Thanks to the accurate info provided in the article, I believe a good representation of the situation was provided. Most people don't know how well the doors can resist outside forces, and the date provided in the article was able to provide something for them to examine and see just how strong the doors can now resist and outside force. I may be able to later connect this on another tab, talking about the safety features of airplanes compared to the safety features of cars and how they differ or are similar. This would probably go best under the "Worried Much?" tab since I could ease fears in that tab.

"Flying Car." No date. Online image. Willvideoforfood. 4 Oct 2011. < http://willvideoforfood.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/6a00d8341c3faa53ef0154338f27e3970c-800wi.jpg>

The main point for including this photograph in my blog was to provide a humor to the reader. The image is a combination of a antique car, combined with wings, in an representation of something many of us have dreamed us for years and always wished we owned, a flying car! My saying that this is one way to combining the two to make get rid of all the safety problems was mainly sarcasm. Having flying cars would probably result in even more deaths, and problems for the aviation community since there would need to be more regulations provided to ensure a safe environment.

                The picture of the flying car in my opinion, is a good laugh for the reader .It lets them see what, like I said above, have all probably dreamed of having at one time or another. I know I would love a flying car! However, I can't imagine the cost, or problems this would pose to be even physically possible without many other people getting killed or injured in the process. I feel that the number of incidents would incredible increase, and where would you store the flying cars? Would airports become non-existent anymore, since we could just takeoff in our streets? 

Journal #4- "The Debate is Settled"

As the airplane sits on the taxiway, readying for takeoff, you have a pit feeling in the bottom of your stomach. As the engines power up, and the aircraft climbs into the air, your almost done. After level off at altitude, the engines throttle back. Congratulations, you've just passed the most dangerous part of a flight.

However, once you get in the car and start driving, your risk continues. At a red light, you have just as much of a danger of being hit, as you do driving down the road. A drunk driver could come out of nowhere and you could be easily affected during your mile drive down the road to the destination. You could be stuck in traffic, and easily rear ended. I've personally sat in traffic for hours before, only to see cars fly up the emergency lanes, or use them, like these people over in Europe. You have to watch out for other idiots while on the road. There are far fewer idiots in the skies.

Greg Sargent, writing for the New York Observer has written an article called "Driving Versus Flying: The Debate Is Settled!" In it, he discusses some of the earlier points I made in earlier blogs, and then adds some more info on what the "experts" think of human perception. "Oh, the experts like to say we fear flying because we hate to give up control, or even the illusion of control" , Sargent says in his article. While I can see how this is a valid point, you have a more qualified person at the controls of a much more sophisticated airplane than you do at the wheel in a car. Sargent's article also provides the statistic that "From 1980 to 1992, the average number of fatalities in the United States was 37 times greater in passenger cars and taxis than on scheduled flights per mile traveled." Now think about it, 37 times? That's a much greater chance of a car accident than an airplane crash.

Yet while airplane can be safe, there are a few safer times in cars Mr. Sargent says. "If the plane you happen to board is doomed to go down, there’s nothing you can do about it. But drivers can do all sorts of things to cut their risk of death-using seat belts, driving in big cars, staying out of the company of trucks, not driving drunk, sticking to the speed limit on country roads, staying alert." But is this really accurate?

While you have the ability to wear seatbelts and drive in big cars, some people choose to not even wear seatbelts, or drive small, fast cars. Their risk is generally increased during times like this. Your risk is all based off your own decisions. The more risk you take, the more danger you're going to put yourself in and the greater chance you have of an incident occurring. Airplanes also have safety seat belts, that are often forced to be worn and are checked by flight attendants. 

10. gavgav27. "M1 accident emergency vehicle lane blocked "blurred."" Youtube. Youtube, 24 Aug 2011. Web. 4 Oct 2011.

The Youtube video of the emergency lane blockage on the M1 over in Europe is a good representation of the idiots you are forced to face out on the roads. The guy in the video confronts people who really in some ideas, know what they are doing is wrong, but don't seem to care. They are putting lives are risk, just as drunk drivers or other idiots do each day across the world while driving. It is a lot harder to face an idiot in the skies, due to the training pilots receive and the complexity of an airplane you must know before you can even get the flying metal object off the ground!

                The video, " M1 accident emergency vehicle lane blocked "blurred" is able to provide a great visual representation in my opinion of some of the idiots. You can easily see, how someone else's personal choices on the road, can put other people at risk. It is much harder to put someone at risk in an airplane, since pilots are much more qualified to take control of the airplane and often know what is wrong, and what is right when it comes to flying. A pilot has much more training than a pilot, which I can later relate to in the section on Rules and Regulations in the aviation community.

11."Seat Belts". No date. Online image. Waistline. 4 Oct 2011. <https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3NHLLNX2hVKrQ4pmJSDGh93wLrGWegA78ZHdb37Iev6vSQ7-VsGesQt4lzXOybjB-7Zi1P143sKOkO_H17M9kKvgNz6k3zt6z4p_pg4x67qrHiukuuTMv-yMY-xaRR0BL1wYhtO0AKElD/s1600/belt.jpg>

The image provided her allowed me to just use a visual to make a point and catch the reader's attention. Seat belts were remarked as being a safety factor in cars, but airplanes have safety belts as well. You have the option of wearing one in the car, but in the air, they are often forced to be worn, as the flight attendants will check on the passengers to ensure they are used. The FAA Requires by regulations that all seat belts be worn by passengers during takeoff, taxi, landing, and in flight when the pilot in command suggests that it be worn due to turbulence or other influences.

This image is a good representation of anyone that has ever flown has seen. It is part of the pre-flight safety briefing that all passengers receive prior to flying on an airline to ensure that they know the safety features on the aircraft they are flying on. It is just another example of safety features on airplanes, which I could later relate to the safety factors. In addition, in the too many rules section of my blog, I can point out when seat belts are forced to be worn per the FAA FAR Regulations that are published each month and are posted in some airplanes.

12.Sargent, Greg. "Driving Versus Flying: The Debate Is Settled!" The New York Observer. 30 Mar 1998.  Web. 4 Oct 2011. <http://www.observer.com/1998/03/driving-versus-flying-the-debate-is-settled/>

This article provided the main parts of my blog. In it, I took information provided by the "experts" to relate back to what they believe people commonly think when they climb aboard an airplane, and what their fears are. I also included the statistic that "From 1980 to 1992, the average number of fatalities in the United States was 37 times greater in passenger cars and taxis than on scheduled flights per mile traveled." I finished my blog by comparing the safety features of cars and airplanes, as Mr. Sargant had made a remark about seat belts and your choice to wear them.

I believe this article provides a good representation of two comparisons between blogs. It is able to point out from pros and cons of flying, and the facts that go along with each. The articles able to provide facts that most of us have looked at before, or have thought on an airplane, to the point of which I believe it was a good article to include that includes good data for the blogs. I can relate the safety seat belt rule to a later article talking about FAA FAR Regulations for flying that are in effect for all passengers and crew that fly on an airplane.

Journal #5-Pros and Cons

Each form of travel will undoubtedly have pros and cons that the person traveling has to choose between to make it more convenient for them. Limiting this down to aviation and driving, let's look at the pros and cons of aviation and driving, including cost, safety, and convenience.

A Youtube video by ComplantsBoard presents the pros and cons in a simplified and easy to understand way. First, they look at the pros of driving. These pros include, no luggage fees, no set pace you must follow, and the ability to easily manipulate from your original plan and take a different route. The cons include longer travel times, possible overnight requirements, and the unknown, such as traffic, accidents, or weather. The consumer has to weigh these options and consider if driving is the best choice for them, or if they should climb aboard a Boeing 747 and fly to their destination.

The video also discusses some of the pros and cons of flying on an airline. These include, for the pros, "fast, little or no traffic, and safety". Truth is, your far more likely to encounter traffic on your drive down the interstate, than you are walking to the airplane. In terms of safety, ComplaintsBoard reports that your "chances of dying on a 1000 mile flight is quite a bit less than a 100 mile car ride." Yet with pros, have to come cons. These cons include expenses (but not always, depending on distance traveled and fuel cost), luggage fees and restrictions, security screenings, and comfort. However, in my opinion, all of the cons listed here can be easily avoided with proper preparation. If you follow the rules of the TSA regarding screenings, you won't have any problems. The security screenings are there to make aviation even safer. The TSA has been able to stop multiple problems that were trying to come on airplanes. Now looking at driving, whose is watching out for you on the roads? There is no safety administration that looks to see if the driver next to you has a shotgun, and when you cut on front of him, if he's going to shoot out your back tires just to ruin your day, or possible ruin your life! Weighing the pros and cons, I can't tell what choice you will make, but to me, the convenience and safety of flying will make me consider flying any day no matter where I need to go.

13. ComplaintsBoard. "Flying vs. Driving Cross Country."Youtube. Youtube, 4 Oct 2011. Web. 5 Oct 2011. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J6fOph7U7Qk>

The Youtube video produced by the ComplaintsBoard provided the main parts of my blog posting for the fifth blog. From it, I was able to grab information on the pros and cons of air travel versus the pros and cons of ground travel. The video allowed me to put in the fact that your " chances of dying on a 1000 mile flight is quite a bit less than a 100 mile car ride." This fact helped me in going along with the safety feature I'm trying to point out. Also included were baggage fees, and comfort on an airplane as a con of air travel.

In my opinion, the analysis provided by ComplaintsBoard is a good representation of the pros and cons of air travel and the pros and cons of ground travel. The video offers a fair representation of both types of travel, and the possible problems you could face with each. Discussing the points of distance traveled allowed the viewer to see why it could be faster to fly.  It also provides good information on safety features, relating to my overall theme of safety of air travel and proving the point that air travel is often referred to as being more safe than ground travel, or driving.

14." Traveling." No date. Online image. Bargain Hunter. 5 Oct 2011.                                                                                   < http://www.insidesocal.com/bargain/Traveling.jpg>

The online picture posted on Bargain Hunters is able to display visually my points of air travel. It has pictures of a hotel room, an airplane, and luggage. This goes along with my point of baggage fees on airplanes, possible hotel costs for driving, and displays an airplane to do go along with the point of air travel and the type of transportation being provided. By displaying city names, the picture is able to display the ability for airplanes however, to travel across water and to other countries or cities, such a London, Berlin, and Tokyo as well as travel domestically to New York.

I'm surprised at how much detail this photo provides and how well it works along with my blog posting. By including city names, I'm able to relate to how air travel goes along with mileage, and how far you can travel to other countries or cities. By having luggage, the luggage fees that were discussed are visually displayed to the reader. The addition of a hotel is able to display to my point of possible hotel stays while driving if you travel a long distance that will take longer than an airplane trip would take. Overall, the image relates well to the main point of the blogs of Flying versus Driving.

15."Driving versus Flying ." Online image. ThanksMailCarrier. 5 Oct 2011. < https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtldNsk19Fv2e-w5FXZGmTzf7_U6IdbDLLfs-UtpCZeT8lV31xCK1DN476dNJlwmjZ05Gvdg-1TvPvcStpY3t2KOawBo7yx_uxksMvwyQxC2M68PgGH0uvc_ru-E7MUTnfgs8L031T56w/s1600/driving+versus+flying.jpg>

My final source for this blog postings is a photograph called "Driving versus Flying" which features a photograph of an airplane side by side with a picture that most people would see driving down the road to their destination. You can see on the roadway you have other traffic around, while on the other hand, in the air, there is no traffic around the airplane. The road is also narrower than the skies, increasing the risk of an accident at all times, as a small mistake could result in a crash into the guardrail or a blown tire if the car is driven off the side of the road.

The photo posted on ThanksMailCarrier allows me to display one of my main points, visually, of driving versus flying. Having both a car and airplane in the same picture allows the viewer to see and distinguish the main point of the blog. The visual elements that are displayed are able to relate to my blog, talking about traffic in a manner that it is easy for anyone to understand. By displaying both side by side, a good visual representation is provided to the reader. This relates to my main point of the blog by showing a car and airplane side by side, relating to the point of driving versus flying.